Vaccinated people are less likely to be hospitalized and more likely to survive if hospitalized, study shows

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 Vaccinated people are less likely to be hospitalized and more likely to survive if hospitalized, study shows


Recent preliminary research from India may offer more good news for people who have received covid-19 vaccines, even against the more virulent Delta variant. The study found that fully vaccinated people who ended up hospitalized (itself an uncommon risk among the vaccinated) were less likely to get sick and die than those who were not vaccinated and were in the hospital. However, partially vaccinated persons appeared to have a similar risk of severe illness and death as the unvaccinated once hospitalized.

Vaccinated people are less likely to be hospitalized and more likely to survive if hospitalized, study shows



The study is a preprint published last month on the medRxiv website. The researchers looked at the clinical outcomes of more than 1,000 hospitalized patients in the city of Hyderabad, India, documented between April 24 and May 31 of this year. The researchers say that more than 90% of the cases involved the Delta variant of the coronavirus, according to genetic sequencing data.

Two of the most widely used covid-19 vaccines in India are the Covishield vaccine (the Indian version of the adenovirus-based Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine) and the Covaxin vaccine, a vaccine developed locally in India that uses killed coronavirus as a form of immune system training. Both vaccines are believed to provide decent protection against any level of disease (over 65% Delta) and very high protection (over 90%) against severe disease, as do all available covid-19 vaccines: very high, but not perfect.

In the study, there were about 500 hospitalized patients vaccinated with the Covishield or Covaxin vaccine, which require two doses for full effectiveness. However, despite their hospitalization, those who were fully vaccinated fared better than the others.

They were less likely to worsen to the point of severe illness, need ventilation or die than the unvaccinated, even though the vaccinated group was older overall and had higher levels of other risk factors, the researchers said. They also had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies, a key part of the body's immune response to the coronavirus. Overall, the researchers found that fully vaccinated people were about half as likely to die as the unvaccinated, with a mortality rate of 1.51% versus 3.45% for the latter. Unfortunately, no such reduction was observed in the partially vaccinated (the mortality rate for them was 3.35%).

"Our results demonstrate that both COVISHIELD and COVAXIN are effective in preventing disease severity and mortality against Delta variant in fully vaccinated hospitalized patients," the researchers wrote.

This research is preliminary and has not yet undergone the traditional peer-review process. In addition, the results are most relevant to people who have received these two specific vaccines. But other vaccines in the United States have shown similar or greater effectiveness against covid-19, and it aligns with other data emerging on outcomes for vaccinated people exposed to coronavirus. Multiple studies have suggested that vaccinated persons may experience similar viral loads as unvaccinated persons if breakthrough infection occurs, but some have also found that vaccinated persons clear infection more quickly. And the likelihood of large-scale infection appears to be very low in fully vaccinated people, even in the Delta variant.

The risk of serious illness and hospitalization is relatively uncommon for vaccinated persons, but if there are high enough levels of transmission in the community, as is currently happening in much of the United States and other territories, then there may still be many vaccinated persons who end up hospitalized. For these unfortunate victims, at least there is reason to believe that vaccination will continue to provide them with some level of additional protection.

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